Eddie Cantor
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Eddie Cantor (born Isidore Itzkowitz; January 31, 1892 – October 10, 1964) was an American comedian, actor, dancer, singer, songwriter, film producer, screenwriter and author. Familiar to
Broadway Broadway may refer to: Theatre * Broadway Theatre (disambiguation) * Broadway theatre, theatrical productions in professional theatres near Broadway, Manhattan, New York City, U.S. ** Broadway (Manhattan), the street **Broadway Theatre (53rd Stree ...
, radio, movie, and early television audiences, this "Apostle of Pep" was regarded almost as a family member by millions because his top-rated radio shows revealed intimate stories and amusing anecdotes about his wife Ida and five daughters. Some of his hits include "
Makin' Whoopee "Makin' Whoopee" is a jazz/ blues song, first popularized by Eddie Cantor in the 1928 musical '' Whoopee!''. Gus Kahn wrote the lyrics and Walter Donaldson composed the music for the song as well as for the entire musical. The title refers to ce ...
", "Ida (Sweet as Apple Cider)", " If You Knew Susie", "
Ma! He's Making Eyes at Me "Ma, He's Making Eyes At Me", alternatively sung as "Ma, She's Making Eyes At Me", is a song published in 1921. The lyrics were by the American composer and comedian Sidney Clare, and the music was by the American songwriter and producer Con C ...
", “ Mandy”, " My Baby Just Cares for Me”, "Margie", and " How Ya Gonna Keep 'em Down on the Farm (After They've Seen Paree)?" He also wrote a few songs, including " Merrily We Roll Along", the ''
Merrie Melodies ''Merrie Melodies'' is an American animation, animated series of comedy short films produced by Warner Bros. starting in 1931, during the golden age of American animation, and ending in 1969. Then some new cartoons were produced from the late 197 ...
'' Warner Bros. cartoon theme. His eye-rolling song-and-dance routines eventually led to his nickname "Banjo Eyes". In 1933, artist Frederick J. Garner caricatured Cantor with large round eyes resembling the drum-like pot of a banjo. Cantor's eyes became his trademark, often exaggerated in illustrations, and leading to his appearance on Broadway in the musical '' Banjo Eyes'' (1941). His charity and humanitarian work was extensive, and he helped to develop
March of Dimes March of Dimes is a United States nonprofit organization that works to improve the health of mothers and babies. The organization was founded by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1938, as the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, to comba ...
; he is credited with coining its name. Cantor was awarded an honorary
Oscar Oscar, OSCAR, or The Oscar may refer to: People * Oscar (given name), an Irish- and English-language name also used in other languages; the article includes the names Oskar, Oskari, Oszkár, Óscar, and other forms. * Oscar (Irish mythology) ...
in 1956 for distinguished service to the film industry.


Early life

Reports and accounts of Cantor's early life often conflict with one another. What is known is that he was born in New York City, the son of Mechel Iskowitz (also Michael), an amateur violinist, and his wife Meta Kantrowitz Iskowitz (also Maite), a young Jewish couple from
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
. It is generally accepted that he was born in 1892, though the day is subject to debate, with either January 31 or
Rosh Hashanah Rosh HaShanah ( he, רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה, , literally "head of the year") is the Jewish New Year. The biblical name for this holiday is Yom Teruah (, , lit. "day of shouting/blasting") It is the first of the Jewish High Holy Days (, , " ...
, which was on September 10 or September 11, being reported. Although it was reported Cantor was an orphan, his mother dying in childbirth and his father of
pneumonia Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli. Symptoms typically include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. The severity ...
, official records say otherwise; Meta died from complications of
tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by '' Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections show no symptoms, in ...
in July 1894 and the fate of Mechel is unclear, as no death certificate exists for him. There is also discrepancy as to his name; both his 1957 autobiography and ''The New York Times'' obituary for Cantor listed his birth name as Isidore Iskowitch but articles published after the 20th century list his birth name as Edward Israel Itzkowitz. His grandmother, Esther Kantrowitz (died January 29, 1917), took custody of him, and referred to him as Izzy and Itchik, both diminutives for Isidor, and his last name, due to a clerical error, was thought to be Kantrowitz and shortened to Kanter. No birth certificate existed for him, not unusual for someone born in New York in the 19th century.


Stage


Saloon songs to vaudeville

By his early teens, Cantor began winning talent contests at local theaters and started appearing on stage. One of his earliest paying jobs was doubling as a waiter and performer, singing for tips at Carey Walsh's
Coney Island Coney Island is a peninsular neighborhood and entertainment area in the southwestern section of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. The neighborhood is bounded by Brighton Beach and Manhattan Beach, Brooklyn, Manhattan Beach to its east, L ...
saloon, where a young Jimmy Durante accompanied him on piano. He made his first public appearance in
Vaudeville Vaudeville (; ) is a theatrical genre of variety entertainment born in France at the end of the 19th century. A vaudeville was originally a comedy without psychological or moral intentions, based on a comical situation: a dramatic composition ...
in 1907 at New York's Clinton Music Hall. In 1912, he was the only performer over the age of 20 to appear in Gus Edwards's ''Kid Kabaret'', where he created his first
blackface Blackface is a form of theatrical makeup used predominantly by non-Black people to portray a caricature of a Black person. In the United States, the practice became common during the 19th century and contributed to the spread of racial stereo ...
character "Jefferson". He later toured with Al Lee as the team Cantor and Lee. Critical praise from that show got the attention of Broadway's top producer Florenz Ziegfeld, who gave Cantor a spot in the Ziegfeld rooftop post-show, ''Midnight Frolic'' (1917).


Broadway

A year later, Cantor made his Broadway debut in the '' Ziegfeld Follies of 1917''. He continued in the ''Follies'' until 1927,"Eddie Cantor Broadway Credits"
Internet Broadway database listing, retrieved December 24, 2009
a period considered the best years of the long-running revue. For several years, Cantor co-starred in an act with pioneer comedian
Bert Williams Bert Williams (November 12, 1874 – March 4, 1922) was a Bahamian-born American entertainer, one of the pre-eminent entertainers of the Vaudeville era and one of the most popular comedians for all audiences of his time. He is credited as being ...
, both appearing in blackface; Cantor played Williams's fresh-talking son. Other co-stars with Cantor during his time in the ''Follies'' included Will Rogers,
Marilyn Miller Marilyn Miller (born Mary Ellen Reynolds; September 1, 1898 – April 7, 1936) was one of the most popular Broadway musical stars of the 1920s and early 1930s. She was an accomplished tap dancer, singer and actress, and the combination of these ...
,
Fanny Brice Fania Borach (October 29, 1891 – May 29, 1951), known professionally as Fanny Brice or Fannie Brice, was an American comedienne, illustrated song model, singer, and theater and film actress who made many stage, radio, and film appearances. S ...
, and
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. He moved on to stardom in book musicals, starting with ''
Kid Boots ''Kid Boots'' is a musical with a book by William Anthony McGuire and Otto Harbach, music by Harry Tierney, and lyrics by Joseph McCarthy. The show was staged by Edward Royce. Produced by Florenz Ziegfeld, the Broadway production, opened on ...
'' (1923) and ''
Whoopee! ''Whoopee!'' is a 1928 musical comedy with a book based on Owen Davis's play, ''The Nervous Wreck.'' The musical libretto was written by William Anthony McGuire, with music by Walter Donaldson and lyrics by Gus Kahn. The musical premiered on Bro ...
'' (1928). On tour with ''Banjo Eyes'', he romanced the unknown
Jacqueline Susann Jacqueline Susann (August 20, 1918 – September 21, 1974) was an American novelist and actress. Her iconic novel, '' Valley of the Dolls'' (1966), is one of the best-selling books in publishing history. With her two subsequent works, '' The Lov ...
, who had a small part in the show and who became the best-selling author of '' Valley of the Dolls''.BANJO EYES' successful Broadway run was cut short when Cantor suffered a major heart attack---the first of several that would plague his later years.


Steel Pier, Atlantic City

Cantor was a headliner at The Steel Pier Theater in Atlantic City. * ''Ziegfeld Follies of 1917'' –
revue A revue is a type of multi-act popular theatrical entertainment that combines music, dance, and sketches. The revue has its roots in 19th century popular entertainment and melodrama but grew into a substantial cultural presence of its own dur ...
– performer * ''Ziegfeld Follies of 1918'' – revue – performer, co-composer and co-lyricist for "Broadway's Not a Bad Place After All" with
Harry Ruby Harry Rubenstein (January 27, 1895 – February 23, 1974), known professionally as Harry Ruby, was an American actor, pianist, composer, songwriter and screenwriter, who was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1970.Make It Snappy ''Make It Snappy'' was a musical revue that ran for 96 performances at the Winter Garden Theatre in the 1922–23 Broadway season. It ran from 13 April to 1 July 1922. It starred Eddie Cantor, who introduced the hit songs " Yes! We Have No Bananas ...
'' (1922) – revue – performer, co-bookwriter * ''Ziegfeld Follies of 1923'' – revue – sketch writer * ''
Kid Boots ''Kid Boots'' is a musical with a book by William Anthony McGuire and Otto Harbach, music by Harry Tierney, and lyrics by Joseph McCarthy. The show was staged by Edward Royce. Produced by Florenz Ziegfeld, the Broadway production, opened on ...
'' (1923) – musical comedy – actor in the role of "Kid Boots" (the Caddie Master) * ''Ziegfeld Follies of 1927'' – revue – performer, co-bookwriter * ''Whoopee!'' (1928) – musical comedy – actor in the role of "Henry Williams" * ''Eddie Cantor at the
Palace A palace is a grand residence, especially a royal residence, or the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop. The word is derived from the Latin name palātium, for Palatine Hill in Rome which ...
'' (1931) – solo performance * ''Banjo Eyes'' (1941) – musical comedy – actor in the role of "Erwin Trowbridge" * ''
Nellie Bly Elizabeth Cochran Seaman (born Elizabeth Jane Cochran; May 5, 1864 – January 27, 1922), better known by her pen name Nellie Bly, was an American journalist, industrialist, inventor, and charity worker who was widely known for her record-breaki ...
'' (1946) – musical comedy – co-producer


Radio and recordings


Radio

Cantor appeared on radio as early as February 3, 1922, as indicated by this news item from Connecticut's '' Bridgeport Telegram'': :Local radio operators listened to one of the finest programs yet produced over the radiophone last night. The program of entertainment which included some of the stars of Broadway musical comedy and vaudeville was broadcast from the Newark, New Jersey station
WDY WDY was an AM radio station located in Roselle Park, New Jersey, that was licensed to the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) from September 19, 1921 to February 20, 1923, although its broadcasting career only spanned the period from December 15, 19 ...
and the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania station KDKA, both of the
Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company The Westinghouse Electric Corporation was an American manufacturing company founded in 1886 by George Westinghouse. It was originally named "Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company" and was renamed "Westinghouse Electric Corporation" in ...
. The Newark entertainment started at 7 o'clock: a children's half-hour of music and fairy stories; 7: 5? Hawaiian airs and violin solo; 8:00, news of the day; and at 8:20, a radio party with nationally known comedians participating; 9:55, Arlington time signals and 10:01, a government weather report. G.E. Nothnagle, who conducts a radiophone station at his home 176 Waldemere Avenue said last night that he was delighted with the program, especially with the numbers sung by Eddie Cantor. The weather conditions are excellent for receiving, he continued, the tone and the quality of the messages was fine. Cantor's appearance with
Rudy Vallee Rudy or Rudi is a masculine given name, sometimes short for Rudolf, Rudolph, Rawad, Rudra, Ruairidh, or variations thereof, a nickname and a surname which may refer to: People Given name or nickname *Rudolf Rudy Andeweg (born 1952), Dutch poli ...
on Vallee's ''
The Fleischmann's Yeast Hour ''The Fleischmann's Yeast Hour'' (also known as ''The Rudy Vallée Show'', ''The Fleischmann Yeast Hour'', and ''The Fleischmann Hour'') was a pioneering musical variety radio program broadcast on NBC from 1929 to 1936, when it became ''The Roya ...
'' on February 5, 1931, led to a four-week tryout with ''
The Chase and Sanborn Hour ''The Chase and Sanborn Hour'' is the umbrella title for a series of American comedy and variety radio shows sponsored by Standard Brands' Chase and Sanborn Coffee, usually airing Sundays on NBC from 8 p.m. to 9 p.m. during the years 1929 to ...
''. Replacing Maurice Chevalier, who was returning to Paris, Cantor joined ''Chase and Sanborn'' on September 13, 1931. This hour-long Sunday evening variety series teamed Cantor with announcer Jimmy Wallington and violinist Dave Rubinoff. The show established Cantor as a leading comedian, and his scriptwriter,
David Freedman David Freedman (April 26, 1898 – December 8, 1936) (aged 38) was a Romanian-born American playwright and biographer who became known as the "King of the Gag-writers" in the early days of radio. Biography David Freedman was born in Botoşan ...
, as "the Captain of Comedy". Freedman's team included, among others, Samuel "Doc" Kurtzman, who also wrote for song-and-dance man, Al Jolson, and the comedian Jack Benny. Cantor soon became the world's highest-paid radio star. His shows began with a crowd chanting "We want Can-tor! We want Can-tor!", a phrase said to have originated in vaudeville, when the audience chanted to chase off an act on the bill before Cantor. Cantor's theme song was his own lyric to the Leo Robin/Richard Whiting song, "One Hour with You". His radio sidekicks included Bert Gordon, (comic Barney Gorodetsky, AKA The Mad Russian) and
Harry Parke Harry Einstein (May 6, 1904 – November 24, 1958), known professionally as Harry Parke and other pseudonyms, most commonly Parkyakarkus, was an American comedian, writer, and character actor. A specialist in Greek dialect comedy, he became famo ...
(better known as Parkyakarkus). Cantor also discovered and helped guide the career of singer
Dinah Shore Dinah Shore (born Frances Rose Shore; February 29, 1916 – February 24, 1994) was an American singer, actress, and television personality, and the top-charting female vocalist of the 1940s. She rose to prominence as a recording artist during ...
, first featuring her on his radio show in 1940, as well as other performers, including
Deanna Durbin Edna Mae Durbin (December 4, 1921 – April 17, 2013), known professionally as Deanna Durbin, was a Canadian-born actress and singer, who moved to the USA with her family in infancy. She appeared in musical films in the 1930s and 1940s. With t ...
,
Bobby Breen Isadore Borsuk (November 4, 1927 – September 19, 2016), better known as Bobby Breen, was a Canadian-born American actor and singer. He was a popular male child singer during the 1930s and reached major popularity with film and radio appearanc ...
in 1936, and
Eddie Fisher Edwin Jack Fisher (August 10, 1928 – September 22, 2010) was an American singer and actor. He was one of the most popular artists during the 1950s, selling millions of records and hosting his own TV show, ''The Eddie Fisher Show''. Actress Eli ...
in 1949. Indicative of his effect on the mass audience, he agreed in November 1934 to introduce a new song by the songwriters
J. Fred Coots John Frederick Coots (May 2, 1897 – April 8, 1985) was an American songwriter. He composed over 700 popular songs and over a dozen Broadway shows. In 1934, Coots wrote the melody with his then chief collaborator, lyricist Haven Gillespie, for t ...
and
Haven Gillespie James Lamont Gillespie (February 6, 1888 – March 14, 1975) pen name Haven Gillespie, was an American Tin Pan Alley composer and lyricist. He was the writer of "You Go to My Head", "Honey", "By the Sycamore Tree", "That Lucky Old Sun", " Breez ...
that other well-known artists had rejected as being "silly" and "childish". The song, "
Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town "Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town" is a Christmas song featuring Santa Claus written by J. Fred Coots and Haven Gillespie. The earliest known recorded version of the song was by banjoist Harry Reser and his band on October 24, 1934. It was the ...
", immediately had orders for 100,000 copies of sheet music the next day. It sold 400,000 copies by Christmas of that year. His NBC radio show ''Time to Smile'' was broadcast from 1940 to 1946, followed by his ''
Pabst Blue Ribbon Pabst Blue Ribbon, commonly abbreviated PBR, is an American lager beer sold by Pabst Brewing Company, established in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1844 and currently based in San Antonio. Originally called Best Select, and then Pabst Select, the cu ...
Show'' from 1946 through 1949. He also served as emcee of '' Take It or Leave It'' during 1949–1950, and hosted a weekly disc jockey program for Philip Morris during the 1952–1953 season. In addition to film and radio, Cantor recorded for
Hit of the Week Records Hit of the Week was an American record label founded in 1930 that sold low-priced records made of Durium instead of the usual shellac. History Around 1930, several types of thin, flexible records made of various plastic formulations were introduc ...
, then again for Columbia, for
Banner A banner can be a flag or another piece of cloth bearing a symbol, logo, slogan or another message. A flag whose design is the same as the shield in a coat of arms (but usually in a square or rectangular shape) is called a banner of arms. Also, ...
and
Decca Decca may refer to: Music * Decca Records or Decca Music Group, a record label * Decca Gold, a classical music record label owned by Universal Music Group * Decca Broadway, a musical theater record label * Decca Studios, a recording facility in W ...
and various small labels. In the early 1960s, he syndicated the short radio segment "Ask Eddie Cantor". His heavy political involvement began early in his career, including his participation in the strike to form Actors Equity in 1919, provoking the anger of father figure and producer, Florenz Ziegfeld. At the
1939 New York World's Fair The 1939–40 New York World's Fair was a world's fair held at Flushing Meadows–Corona Park in Queens, New York, United States. It was the second-most expensive American world's fair of all time, exceeded only by St. Louis's Louisiana Purchas ...
, Cantor publicly denounced
antisemitic Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews. A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite. Antisemitism is considered to be a form of racism. Antis ...
radio personality Father Charles Coughlin and then was dropped by his radio sponsor
Camel cigarettes Camel is an American brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company in the United States and by Japan Tobacco outside the U.S. Most current Camel cigarettes contain a blend of Turkish tobacco and Virg ...
. A year and a half later, Cantor was able to return to the air because of help from his friend
Jack Benny Jack Benny (born Benjamin Kubelsky, February 14, 1894 – December 26, 1974) was an American entertainer who evolved from a modest success playing violin on the vaudeville circuit to one of the leading entertainers of the twentieth century with ...
.


Recordings

Cantor began making phonograph records in 1917, recording both comedy songs and routines and popular songs of the day, first for
Victor The name Victor or Viktor may refer to: * Victor (name), including a list of people with the given name, mononym, or surname Arts and entertainment Film * ''Victor'' (1951 film), a French drama film * ''Victor'' (1993 film), a French shor ...
, then for Aeoleon-Vocalion,
Pathé Pathé or Pathé Frères (, styled as PATHÉ!) is the name of various French people, French businesses that were founded and originally run by the Pathé Brothers of France starting in 1896. In the early 1900s, Pathé became the world's largest ...
, and Emerson. From 1921 through 1925, he had an exclusive contract with
Columbia Records Columbia Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music, Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, the North American division of Japanese Conglomerate (company), conglomerate Sony. It was founded on Janua ...
, returning to Victor for the remainder of the decade. Cantor was one of the era's most successful entertainers, but the 1929 stock market crash took away his multimillionaire status and left him deeply in debt. However, Cantor's relentless attention to his own earnings to avoid the poverty he knew growing up caused him to use his writing talent, quickly building a new bank account with his highly popular, bestselling books of humor and cartoons about his experience, ''Caught Short! A Saga of Wailing Wall Street'' in 1929 "A.C." (After Crash), and ''Yoo-Hoo, Prosperity!'' Cantor was also a composer, with his most famous song seldom attributed to him. In 1935, along with Charles Tobias (Ida's brother) and Murray Mencher, Cantor wrote "Merrily We Roll Along". It was adapted as the theme song for the ''Merrie Melodies'' series of animated cartoons, distributed by
Warner Brothers Pictures Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. (commonly known as Warner Bros. or abbreviated as WB) is an American film and entertainment studio headquartered at the Warner Bros. Studios complex in Burbank, California, and a subsidiary of Warner Bros. D ...
between 1936 and 1964. Cantor himself was frequently caricatured in Warner cartoons of the period, (see Film and television: Animation).


Film and television

Cantor also made numerous film appearances. He had previously appeared in a number of short films, performing his ''Follies'' songs and comedy routines, and two silent features (''Special Delivery'' and ''Kid Boots'') in the 1920s. He was offered the lead in ''
The Jazz Singer ''The Jazz Singer'' is a 1927 American musical drama film directed by Alan Crosland. It is the first feature-length motion picture with both synchronized recorded music score as well as lip-synchronous singing and speech (in several isolated ...
'' after it was turned down by George Jessel. Cantor also turned the role down (so it went to
Al Jolson Al Jolson (born Eizer Yoelson; June 9, 1886 – October 23, 1950) was a Lithuanian-American Jews, Jewish singer, comedian, actor, and vaudevillian. He was one of the United States' most famous and highest-paid stars of the 1920s, and was self-bi ...
), but he became a leading Hollywood star in 1930 with the film version of ''
Whoopee! ''Whoopee!'' is a 1928 musical comedy with a book based on Owen Davis's play, ''The Nervous Wreck.'' The musical libretto was written by William Anthony McGuire, with music by Walter Donaldson and lyrics by Gus Kahn. The musical premiered on Bro ...
,'' shot in two-color
Technicolor Technicolor is a series of Color motion picture film, color motion picture processes, the first version dating back to 1916, and followed by improved versions over several decades. Definitive Technicolor movies using three black and white films ...
. He continued making films over the next two decades until his last starring role in ''If You Knew Susie'' (1948). From 1950 to 1954, Cantor was a regular guest host on the television variety series ''
The Colgate Comedy Hour ''The Colgate Comedy Hour'' was an American comedy-musical variety series that aired live on the NBC network from 1950 to 1955. The show featured many notable comedians and entertainers of the era as guest stars. Many of the scripts of the series ...
''. On May 25, 1944, pioneer television station WPTZ (now KYW-TV) in Philadelphia presented a special, all-star telecast which was also seen in New York over WNBT (now
WNBC WNBC (channel 4) is a television station in New York City, serving as the flagship of the NBC network. It is owned and operated by the network's NBC Owned Television Stations division alongside Linden, New Jersey–licensed Telemundo stati ...
) and featured cut-ins from their Rockefeller Center studios. Cantor, one of the first major stars to agree to appear on television, was to sing "We're Havin' a Baby, My Baby and Me". Arriving shortly before airtime at the New York studios, Cantor was reportedly told to cut the song because the NBC New York censors considered some of the lyrics too risqué. Cantor refused, claiming no time to prepare an alternative number. NBC relented, but the sound was cut and the picture blurred on certain lines in the song. This is considered the first instance of television censorship. In 1950, he became the first of several hosts alternating on the NBC television variety show ''
The Colgate Comedy Hour ''The Colgate Comedy Hour'' was an American comedy-musical variety series that aired live on the NBC network from 1950 to 1955. The show featured many notable comedians and entertainers of the era as guest stars. Many of the scripts of the series ...
'', in which he would introduce musical acts, stage and film stars and play comic characters such as "Maxie the Taxi". In the spring of 1952, Cantor landed in an unlikely controversy when a young Sammy Davis, Jr., appeared as a guest performer. Cantor embraced Davis and mopped Davis's brow with his handkerchief after his performance. When worried sponsors led NBC to threaten cancellation of the show, Cantor's response was to book Davis for two more weeks. Cantor suffered a heart attack following a September 1952 Colgate broadcast, and thereafter, curtailed his appearances until his final program in 1954. In 1955, he appeared in a filmed series for syndication and a year later, appeared in two dramatic roles ("George Has A Birthday", on NBC's ''Matinee Theatre'' broadcast in color, and "Size.man and Son" on CBS's ''Playhouse 90''). He continued to appear as a guest on several shows, and was last seen on the NBC color broadcast of ''The Future Lies Ahead'' on January 22, 1960, which also featured
Mort Sahl Morton Lyon Sahl (May 11, 1927 – October 26, 2021) was a Canadian-born American comedian, actor, and social satirist, considered the first modern comedian. Sahl pioneered a style of social satire that pokes fun at political and current event t ...
.


Animation

Cantor appears in caricature form in numerous ''
Looney Tunes ''Looney Tunes'' is an American Animated cartoon, animated comedy short film series produced by Warner Bros. starting from 1930 to 1969, concurrently with its partner series ''Merrie Melodies'', during the golden age of American animation.
'' cartoons produced for Warner Bros., although he was often voiced by an imitator. Beginning with ''I Like Mountain Music'' (1933), other animated Cantor cameos include ''Shuffle Off to Buffalo'' (
Harman-Ising Hugh Harman and Rudolf Ising were an American animation team known for founding the Warner Bros. and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animation studios. Early history Harman and Ising first worked in animation in the early 1920s at Laugh-O-Gram Studio, ...
, 1933) and ''
Billboard Frolics ''Billboard Frolics'' is a 1935 Warner Bros. ''Merrie Melodies'' directed by Friz Freleng Isadore "Friz" Freleng (August 21, 1905May 26, 1995), credited as I. Freleng early in his career, was an American animator, cartoonist, director, pro ...
'' (
Friz Freleng Isadore "Friz" Freleng (August 21, 1905May 26, 1995), credited as I. Freleng early in his career, was an American animator, cartoonist, director, producer, and composer known for his work at Warner Bros. Cartoons on the ''Looney Tunes'' and '' ...
, 1935). Eddie Cantor is one of the four "down on their luck" stars (along with
Bing Crosby Harry Lillis "Bing" Crosby Jr. (May 3, 1903 – October 14, 1977) was an American singer, musician and actor. The first multimedia star, he was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century worldwide. He was a ...
, Al Jolson, and Jack Benny) snubbed by Elmer Fudd in '' What’s Up, Doc?'' (
Bob McKimson Robert Porter McKimson Sr. (October 13, 1910 – September 29, 1977) was an American animator and illustrator, best known for his work on the ''Looney Tunes'' and ''Merrie Melodies'' series of cartoons from Warner Bros. Cartoons and later DePati ...
, 1950). In ''
Farm Frolics ''Farm Frolics'' is a 1941 Warner Bros. ''Merrie Melodies'' cartoon supervised by Bob Clampett. It was released on May 10, 1941. Plot The cartoon starts with the arm of an animator drawing a farm scene which then colors itself, and the camera zo ...
'' (
Bob Clampett Robert Emerson Clampett Sr. (May 8, 1913 – May 2, 1984) was an American animator, director, producer and puppeteer. He was best known for his work on the '' Looney Tunes'' animated series from Warner Bros. as well as the television shows '' ...
, 1941), a horse, asked by the narrator to "do a canter", promptly launches into a singing, dancing, eye-rolling impression. The Cantor gag that got the most mileage, however, was his oft-repeated wish for a son after five famous daughters. ''
Slap-Happy Pappy ''Slap-Happy Pappy'' is a Warner Brothers Looney Tunes theatrical cartoon, starring Porky Pig. It was directed by Bob Clampett, written by Warren Foster, and scored by Carl W. Stalling. The short was released on April 13, 1940. Plot Porky owns a ...
'' (Clampett, 1940) features an "Eddie Cackler" rooster that wants a boy, to little avail. Other references can be found in ''
Baby Bottleneck ''Baby Bottleneck'' is a 1946 Warner Bros. '' Looney Tunes'' cartoon directed by Bob Clampett and written by Warren Foster. The cartoon was released on March 16, 1946, and stars Daffy Duck and Porky Pig. Tweety makes a cameo appearance in the ...
'' (Clampett, 1946) and ''Circus Today'' (
Tex Avery Frederick Bean "Tex" Avery (February 26, 1908 – August 26, 1980) was an American animator, cartoonist, animation director, director, and voice actor. He was known for directing and producing animated cartoons during the golden age of American a ...
, 1940). In ''Merrie Melodies'', '' The Coo-Coo Nut Grove'' Cantor's many daughters are referenced by a group of singing quintuplet girls. In ''Porky’s Naughty Nephew'' (Clampett, 1938) a swimming Cantor gleefully adopts a "buoy". An animated Cantor also appears prominently in
Walt Disney Walter Elias Disney (; December 5, 1901December 15, 1966) was an American animator, film producer and entrepreneur. A pioneer of the American animation industry, he introduced several developments in the production of cartoons. As a film p ...
's "
Mother Goose Goes Hollywood ''Mother Goose Goes Hollywood'' is a 1938 animated short film produced by Walt Disney Productions and distributed by RKO Radio Pictures. The short was released on December 23, 1938. The film parodies several Mother Goose nursery rhymes using cari ...
" (
Wilfred Jackson Wilfred Jackson (January 24, 1906 – August 7, 1988) was an American animator, arranger, composer and director best known for his work on the ''Mickey Mouse'' and '' Silly Symphonies'' series of cartoons and the ''Night on Bald Mountain''/''Ave ...
, 1938) as Little Jack Horner, who sings "
Sing a Song of Sixpence "Sing a Song of Sixpence" is an English nursery rhyme, perhaps originating in the 18th century. It is listed in the Roud Folk Song Index as number 13191. The sixpence in the rhyme is a British coin that was first minted in 1551. Origins The r ...
".


Books and merchandising

Cantor's popularity led to merchandising of such products as ''Eddie Cantor's Tell It to the Judge'' game from
Parker Brothers Parker Brothers (known by Parker outside of North America) was an American toy and game manufacturer which in 1991 became a brand of Hasbro. More than 1,800 games were published under the Parker Brothers name since 1883. Among its products wer ...
. In 1933, Brown and Bigelow published a set of 12 Eddie Cantor caricatures by Frederick J. Garner. The advertising cards were purchased in bulk as a direct-mail item by such businesses as auto body shops, funeral directors, dental laboratories, and vegetable wholesale dealers. With the full set, companies could mail a single Cantor card each month for a year to their selected special customers as an ongoing promotion. Cantor was often caricatured on the covers of
sheet music Sheet music is a handwritten or printed form of musical notation that uses List of musical symbols, musical symbols to indicate the pitches, rhythms, or chord (music), chords of a song or instrumental Musical composition, musical piece. Like ...
and in magazines and newspapers. Cantor was depicted as a balloon in the
Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade The Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade is an annual parade in New York City presented by the U.S.-based department store chain Macy's. The Parade first took place in 1924, tying it for the second-oldest Thanksgiving parade in the United States with ...
, one of the very few balloons based on a real person. In addition to ''Caught Short!'', Cantor wrote or co-wrote at least seven other books, including booklets released by the then-fledgling firm of
Simon & Schuster Simon & Schuster () is an American publishing company and a subsidiary of Paramount Global. It was founded in New York City on January 2, 1924 by Richard L. Simon and M. Lincoln Schuster. As of 2016, Simon & Schuster was the third largest publ ...
, with Cantor's name on the cover. (Some were "as told to" or written with
David Freedman David Freedman (April 26, 1898 – December 8, 1936) (aged 38) was a Romanian-born American playwright and biographer who became known as the "King of the Gag-writers" in the early days of radio. Biography David Freedman was born in Botoşan ...
.) Customers paid a dollar and received the booklet with a penny embedded in the hardcover. They sold well, and
H.L. Mencken Henry Louis Mencken (September 12, 1880 – January 29, 1956) was an American journalist, essayist, satirist, cultural critic, and scholar of American English. He commented widely on the social scene, literature, music, prominent politicians, ...
asserted that the books did more to pull America out of the
Great Depression The Great Depression (19291939) was an economic shock that impacted most countries across the world. It was a period of economic depression that became evident after a major fall in stock prices in the United States. The economic contagio ...
than all government measures combined.


Activism and philanthropy

Cantor was the second president of the
Screen Actors Guild The Screen Actors Guild (SAG) was an American labor union which represented over 100,000 film and television principal and background performers worldwide. On March 30, 2012, the union leadership announced that the SAG membership voted to m ...
, serving from 1933 to 1935. He invented the title "The March of
Dimes DIMES (Distributed Internet Measurements & Simulations) was a subproject of the EVERGROW Integrated Project in the EU Information Society Technologies, Future and Emerging Technologies programme. It studied the structure and topology of the Inter ...
" for the donation campaigns of the
National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis March of Dimes is a United States nonprofit organization that works to improve the health of mothers and babies. The organization was founded by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1938, as the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, to comba ...
, which was organized to combat
polio Poliomyelitis, commonly shortened to polio, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. Approximately 70% of cases are asymptomatic; mild symptoms which can occur include sore throat and fever; in a proportion of cases more severe s ...
. It was a
play Play most commonly refers to: * Play (activity), an activity done for enjoyment * Play (theatre), a work of drama Play may refer also to: Computers and technology * Google Play, a digital content service * Play Framework, a Java framework * Pla ...
on ''
The March of Time ''The March of Time'' is an American newsreel series sponsored by Time Inc. and shown in movie theaters from 1935 to 1951. It was based on a radio news series broadcast from 1931 to 1945. The "voice" of both series was Westbrook Van Voorhis. Pr ...
''
newsreels A newsreel is a form of short documentary film, containing news stories and items of topical interest, that was prevalent between the 1910s and the mid 1970s. Typically presented in a cinema, newsreels were a source of current affairs, inform ...
popular at the time. He began the first campaign on his radio show in January 1938, asking listeners to mail a dime to President
Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...
. At that time, Roosevelt was the Franklin D. Roosevelt's paralytic illness, most notable American victim of polio. Other entertainers joined in the appeal via their own shows, and the White House mail room was deluged with 2,680,000 dimes—a large sum at the time. Cantor also recorded a spoken introduction on a 1938 Decca recording of Alexander's Ragtime Band by
Bing Crosby Harry Lillis "Bing" Crosby Jr. (May 3, 1903 – October 14, 1977) was an American singer, musician and actor. The first multimedia star, he was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century worldwide. He was a ...
and Connee Boswell in which he thanks the listener for buying the record, which supported the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis. That record hit No. 1 on the charts, though Cantor did not sing on it. A lifelong Democratic Party (United States), Democrat, Cantor supported Adlai Stevenson II, Adlai Stevenson during the 1952 United States presidential election, 1952 presidential election.


Tributes

Cantor was profiled on ''This Is Your Life (American franchise), This Is Your Life'', a program in which an unsuspecting person (usually a celebrity) would be surprised on live television by host Ralph Edwards, with a half-hour tribute. Cantor was the only subject who was told of the "surprise" in advance; he was recovering from a heart attack, and it was felt that the shock might harm him. In 1951 he received an honorary doctorate from Temple University. On October 29, 1995, as part of a nationwide celebration of the 75th anniversary of radio, Cantor was posthumously inducted into the Radio Hall of Fame at Chicago's Museum of Broadcasting Communication. There was an Eddie Cantor caricature featured in The Comedy Store, Comedy Store, and flashing lights on it marked the end of auditions for comedians. Warner Bros., in an attempt to duplicate the box-office success of ''The Jolson Story'', filmed a big-budget
Technicolor Technicolor is a series of Color motion picture film, color motion picture processes, the first version dating back to 1916, and followed by improved versions over several decades. Definitive Technicolor movies using three black and white films ...
feature film ''The Eddie Cantor Story'' (1953). The film found an audience but might have done better with someone else in the leading role. Actor Keefe Brasselle played Cantor as a caricature with high-pressure dialogue and bulging eyes wide open; the fact that Brasselle was considerably taller than Cantor did not lend realism. Eddie and Ida Cantor were seen in a brief prologue and epilogue set in a projection room, where they are watching Brasselle in action; at the end of the film, Eddie tells Ida "I never looked better in my life"... and gives the audience a knowing, incredulous look. George Burns, in his memoir ''All My Best Friends'', claimed that Warner Bros. created a miracle producing the movie in that "it made Eddie Cantor's life boring". Something closer to the real Eddie Cantor story is his self-produced feature ''Show Business'' (1944), a valentine to vaudeville and show folks, which was RKO's top-grossing film that year. Probably the best summary of Cantor's career is on one of the ''Colgate Comedy Hour'' shows. Re-issued on DVD as ''Eddie Cantor in Person'', the hour-long episode is a virtual video autobiography, with Eddie recounting his career, singing his greatest hits, and recreating his singing-waiter days with another vaudeville legend, his old pal Jimmy Durante. Cantor appears as a recurring character, played by Stephen DeRosa, on the series ''Boardwalk Empire''.


Personal life and family

Cantor adopted the first name "Eddie" when he met his future wife Ida Tobias in 1913, because she felt that "Izzy" was not the right name for an actor. Cantor and Ida (1892–1962) were married on June 6, 1914. They had five daughters – Marjorie (1915–1959), Natalie (1916–1997), Edna (1919–2003), Marilyn (1921–2010), and Janet (1927–2018). The girls provided comic fodder for Cantor's longtime running gag, especially on radio, about his five unmarriageable daughters. Several radio historians, including Gerald Nachman (journalist), Gerald Nachman (Raised on Radio), have said that this gag did not always sit well with the girls. Natalie's second husband was the French-born American actor Robert Clary, who was best known for his role as Corporal Louis LeBeau on ''Hogan's Heroes''. Janet married the actor Roberto Gari. Following the death of their daughter Marjorie at the age of 44, Eddie's and Ida's health declined rapidly. Ida died on August 9, 1962, at age 70 of "cardiac insufficiency","Deaths", ''The New York Times'', August 10, 1962, p. 14 and Eddie died on October 10, 1964, in Beverly Hills, California after suffering his second heart attack at age 72. He is interred in Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery, a Jewish cemetery in Culver City, California.


Filmography

* ''A Few Moments with Eddie Cantor, A Few Moments With Eddie Cantor, Star of "Kid Boots"'' (1923, DeForest Phonofilm sound-on-film short film) as Himself * ''Kid Boots (film), Kid Boots'' (1926) as Samuel (Kid) Boots * ''Special Delivery (1927 film), Special Delivery'' (1927) as Eddie Beagle – the Mail Carrier * ''That Party in Person'' (1929, Short) as Eddie Cantor * ''A Ziegfeld Midnight Frolic'' (1929, Short) as Himself * ''Glorifying the American Girl'' (1929) as Eddie Cantor – Appearance in Revue Scenes * ''Insurance (1930 film), Insurance'' (1930, Short) as Sidney B. Zwieback * ''Getting a Ticket'' (1930, Short) as Himself * ''
Whoopee! ''Whoopee!'' is a 1928 musical comedy with a book based on Owen Davis's play, ''The Nervous Wreck.'' The musical libretto was written by William Anthony McGuire, with music by Walter Donaldson and lyrics by Gus Kahn. The musical premiered on Bro ...
'' (1930) as Henry Williams * ''Palmy Days'' (1931) as Eddie Simpson * ''Talking Screen Snapshots'' (1932, Documentary short) as Himself * ''The Kid from Spain'' (1932) as Eddie Williams * ''Roman Scandals'' (1933) as Eddie / Oedipus * ''The Hollywood Gad-About'' (1934, Documentary short) as Himself (uncredited) * ''Kid Millions'' (1934) as Eddie Wilson Jr. * ''Strike Me Pink (film), Strike Me Pink'' (1936) as Eddie Pink * ''Ali Baba Goes to Town'' (1937) as Ali Baba * ''The March of Time Volume IV, Issue 5'' (1937, Documentary short) as Himself * ''Forty Little Mothers'' (1940) as Gilbert Jordan Thompson * ''Thank Your Lucky Stars (1943 film), Thank Your Lucky Stars'' (1943) as Eddie Cantor / Joe Simpson * ''Show Business (1944 film), Show Business'' (1944, also producer) as Eddie Martin * ''Hollywood Canteen (1944 film), Hollywood Canteen'' (1944) as Himself * ''Screen Snapshots: Radio Shows'' (1945, Short) as Eddie – The Eddie Cantor Program * ''American Creed'' (1946, Short) as Self * ''Meet Mr. Mischief'' (1947, Short, appears on poster) as Face on Station Program Poster (uncredited) * ''If You Knew Susie (film), If You Knew Susie'' (1948) as Sam Parker * ''Screen Snapshots: Hollywood's Happy Homes'' (1949, Documentary short) as Himself * ''The Story of Will Rogers'' (1952) as Himself * ''Screen Snapshots: Memorial to Al Jolson'' (1952, Documentary short) as Himself * ''The Eddie Cantor Story'' (1953) cameo appearance and singing voice dubbing for Keefe Brasselle


Bibliography

* ''My Life Is in Your Hands'' by Eddie Cantor (1928) with David Freedman; Harper & Bros. * ''Caught Short!: A Saga of Wailing Wall Street'' by Eddie Cantor (1929) Simon & Schuster * ''Between the Acts'' by Eddie Cantor (1930) Simon & Schuster * ''Yoo-Hoo, Prosperity!: The Eddie Cantor Five-Year Plan'' by Eddie Cantor (1931) with David Freedman; Simon & Schuster * ''The Rise of the Goldbergs'' by Gertrude Berg (1931) Foreword by Eddie Cantor; Barse & Co. * ''Your Next President!'' by Eddie Cantor (1932) with David Freedman, Illus. by S.L. Hydeman; Ray Long & Richard R. Smith, Inc. * ''Eddie Cantor in An Hour with You: A Big Little Book'' (1934) Whitman * ''Eddie Cantor Song and Joke Book'' (1934) Illus. by Ben Harris; M. Witmark & Sons * ''Ziegfeld: The Great Glorifier'' by Eddie Cantor (1934) with David Freedman; Alfred H. King * ''World's Book of Best Jokes'' by Eddie Cantor (1943) World Publishing Co. * ''Hello, Momma'' by George Jessel (1946) Foreword by Eddie Cantor, Illus. by Carl Rose; World Publishing Co. * ''Take My Life'' by Eddie Cantor (1957) with Jane Ardmore, Jane Kesner Ardmore; Doubleday * ''No Man Stands Alone'' by Barney Ross (1957) Foreword by Eddie Cantor; B. Lippincott Co. * ''The Way I See It'' by Eddie Cantor (1959) with Phyllis Rosenteur, ed.; Prentice-Hall * ''As I Remember Them'' by Eddie Cantor (1963) Duell, Sloan & Pearce * ''Yoo-Hoo, Prosperity!'' and ''Caught Short!'' by Eddie Cantor (1969) Greenwood Press * "The Eddie Cantor Story: A Jewish Life in Performance and Politics" by David Weinstein (2017) UPNE/Brandeis University Press * ''The Golden Age of Sound Comedy: Comic Films and Comedians of the Thirties'' by Donald W. McCaffrey (1973) A.S. Barnes * ''Radio Comedy'' by Arthur Frank Wertheim (1979) Oxford University Press * ''The Vaudevillians: A Dictionary of Vaudeville Performers'' by Anthony Slide (1981) Arlington House * ''American Vaudeville as Seen by Its Contemporaries'' by Charles W. Stein, ed. (1984) Alfred A. Knopf * ''Eddie Cantor: A Life in Show Business'' by Gregory Koseluk (1995) McFarland * ''Eddie Cantor: A Bio-Bibliography'' by James Fisher (1997) Greenwood Press * ''Banjo Eyes: Eddie Cantor and the Birth of Modern Stardom'' by Herbert G. Goldman (1997) Oxford University Press * ''The Great American Broadcast: A Celebration of Radio's Golden Age'' by Leonard Maltin (1997) Dutton * ''My Life Is in Your Hands'' and ''Take My Life'' by Eddie Cantor (2000) Cooper Square Press * ''Film Clowns of the Depression: Twelve Defining Comic Performances'' by Wes D. Gehring (2007) McFarland * ''Eddie Cantor in Laugh Land'' by Harold Sherman (2008) Kessinger Publishing * ''Angels We Have Heard: The Christmas Song Stories'' by James Adam Richliano (2002) Star Of Bethlehem Books (Includes a chapter on Cantor's involvement in the history of "Santa Claus Is Comin' To Town"). * ''The Eddie Cantor Story: A Jewish Life in Performance and Politics'' by David Weinstein (2018) UPNE/Brandeis University Press


References


Further reading

* * Weinstein, David (2018). ''The Eddie Cantor Story: A Jewish Life in Performance and Politics''. Hanover, NH: UPNE/Brandeis University Press.
''A Few Moments with Eddie Cantor, Star of "Kid Boots"'' (1923)
A six-minute film made in Phonofilm by Lee De Forest featuring Cantor telling monologues and singing two songs in one of the earliest surviving sound motion pictures.
OTR Network Library: ''The Eddie Cantor Show'' (11 1936 – 52 episodes)


External links

* *


Eddie Cantor
at Virtual History
FBI file on Eddie Cantor
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cantor, Eddie 1892 births 1930s American radio programs, Eddie Cantor 1964 deaths 20th-century American comedians 20th-century American male actors 20th-century American singers 20th-century American male singers Academy Honorary Award recipients American autobiographers American humanitarians American male radio actors American people of Russian-Jewish descent Audio Fidelity Records artists Blackface minstrel performers Burials at Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery California Democrats Jewish American comedians Jewish American male actors Jewish American musicians Jewish singers NBC radio programs, Eddie Cantor New York (state) Democrats Presidents of the Screen Actors Guild RCA Victor artists Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award Vaudeville performers Ziegfeld Follies 20th-century American Jews Members of The Lambs Club Presidents of the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists United Service Organizations entertainers